Baghdad as the capital of the Abbasid islamic world (8th- 11th Research Paper

Baghdad as the capital of the Abbasid islamic world (8th- 11th centries) - Research Paper Example Since the capital made trading possible due to numerous entry points to and from different parts of the Asian, European and African continents, the city flourished and prospered, thus, making it possible for the caliphate to establish centers of learning such as schools and libraries (Majeed 1486). This made the Abbasid Empire able to create numerous advancements such as in agriculture, architecture, literature and other knowledge pursuits, which they are able to disseminate to all the parts of the empire, and even the world via the European scientific revolution. Many of the breakthroughs that the Muslim scholars were able to make were highly significant because of the information being applicable to many aspects of science, literature and economics. The open-mindedness of the Muslim scholars during the Abbasid Empire made it possible for them to not only accept new information from other cultures such as Greeks and Romans, but also to create some improvements in them as well (Mazia k 1416). Also, the impact of the knowledge revolution instigated by the Abbasid caliphate is highly significant because if the Muslim Empire was not able to expand its territories, possible transfer of information from the Middle East to the European continent via Islamic Spain may not have been possible, and the scientific revolution around the 17th century would not have taken place. The Importance of Establishing Baghdad as the Capital While most of the buildings built during the Abbasid empire were destroyed during the invasion of the Mongols, many narratives remained that were able to establish how it was to live in Baghdad during its height of glory (Micheau 224). The splendor of the city as written down by many earlier historians was made well known not just for trade but also for learning and knowledge. The early caliphs proved that it was possible to make Baghdad a famous city once they were able to properly begin its construction. After the rise of the Abbasid dynasty arou nd 750 A.C.E., Muslim power shifted from Syria to Iraq, and the caliphs moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad. Al-Mansur, one of the earliest caliphs established Baghdad as the empire’s capital, and had it surrounded by a circular wall (Robinson 255). This made the Sasanian tradition alive and well, and was properly scattered in most of the nearby parts of the empire. It was also important that it was along the established trade routes, making the place generate additional revenue for buildings (Syed 2). Another is that Baghdad is near to large rivers such as the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers, which are essential in sustaining growth and development of the place (Micheau 222). Because of the proximity to major trade routes and large rivers, the establishment of human settlement in Baghdad was possible, and more people came in for work. To accommodate them, it was decided that the walled city must be finished as soon as possible, and in order to do so, numerous engineer s, architects and skilled craftsmen were hired from different regions. This did not just transform the city but also started its assimilation of knowledge from different cultures, since most of the workers were hired from vast places (Denoix 131). The urbanization was very successful that it was possible to establish many places where further pursuits of knowledge can be done, not just

Discussion Question 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discussion Question 3 - Essay Example It is also a good idea to have the questions checked by another person who is thoroughly knowledgeable with the subject of the questions. The day of the test is one of high tension and anxiety. The examinees wait for the time when the test papers will be handed over to them. The atmosphere is charged in silent anticipations. It is a solemn occasion, border on a war-like situation. In my opinion, each step is important as the other. But I would rate the safe keeping of the test paper as the most important step, because with property security the paper might get stolen leaving the entire exercise futile and meaningless. (Basic Steps in Test Construction) Ans. The basic purpose of a question is to elicit answer which meets the expected knowledge level of the student in a particular grade. Having obtained the information in the course of classroom studies and instructions from the pedagogue and also personal efforts comprising homework and revision, the student is expected to grasp and retain the level of knowledge to respond to a certain question. The context plays an important role when interpreting assessment results because it helps the assessor link the question with the correct information necessary for the answer. The context covers all the important aspects of the question such as what, why, where, how, when, and the source, as relevant to the question in particular as applicable to the whole class. Without the context, the question becomes generalized leaving the scope for answer also general and without relevance for the particular class or group. (British Columbia) Q3. Why is it important to pilot test items Ans. Pilot test is done to design the entire curriculum consisting of the information lessons in the text book, together with questions, and the vocabulary level suitable for the students' age group and intelligence. A pilot test is a long drawn-out affair involving time and evaluation by a competent teacher/researcher. The evaluation is carried out by the teacher/researcher after a period of his/her training. The training is rigorous and necessary to brief the teacher about the subject content. Once the training is complete, the teacher begins to conduct a model class with the help of the subject curriculum. The feedbacks received from the students' reactions as a result of the daily instructions by the teacher are noted down by the teacher and preserved for further analysis by another independent evaluator. Even after the evaluation is through, the pilot test is not complete until the principal gives his approval in writing. (CUES - Pilot

Developmental theories Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Developmental theories - Term Paper Example Researchers assert that developmental theories give answers that open important ways or depths into human behaviors in studying causes of different experiences that human beings face. Developmental theories emanate from different schools of thought. From studies, there are various schools of thought that resulted to the developmental theories. They include Humanism, Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Gestalt. Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory handles matters of human thinking. According to Piaget, the difference between children’s and adult’s thinking is qualitative other than being quantitative, as some people may have thought. In this theory we get to know that development occurs in distinct observable and more so measurable stages. The theory enlightens us that developmental growth is not affected by experience. According to Piaget, development is viewed to be unidirectional (Fletcher, 2005). Furthermore, according to Kohlberg, the theory of morality has several stages which include preconventional, conventional, and post conventional. He states that the degree of responsibility goes, with age where in middle childhood, children perceive themselves to be responsible for others around them. To this end it is seen that the theories do not cover all possible areas of human development and as a result, sub-divisions like those of Kohlberg will help clarify so many issues or answers (Sigelman, 2011). From many researchers, it is evident that the developmental theories are not original and base their roots deep down in different schools of thought. These schools include Gestalt, Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Humanism. Therefore, a few factors seem to have been put together to make up the theories in meeting the need to answer some of the questions or explain some experiences in human development (Fletcher, 2005). Research shows that the stages in developmental theories are accurate and

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis Essay -- Literature

In C.S. Lewis’s The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, Lewis emphasizes the three points of philosophy, themes, and symbolism throughout his writing. Lewis was a strong Christian man, and wanted to make children see and understand all the stories of the Bible. Therefore, he put Christian elements through his books, but with fantasy characters as well. Especially in this story, Lewis conveys the differences between good and evil. Aslan is represented as Christ just as the White Witch represents the sense of evil. Lewis wrote several books in this Narnia series, but The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe became the most famous and recognized of his novels. C.S. Lewis became one of the most prominent Christian writers in contemporary British society, not only because of his devotion to Christ, but also because his stories were so outstanding (Hitchens). Lewis wrote both fantasy and Christian books, which were both connected to each other in their own way. He used Christian elements to write fantasy stories, and vice versa (Langford). When he began to write The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, he placed the story with four children that had to move out of their own house during the air raids (Hannay). In chapter one, the book tells us: â€Å"This story is about something that happened to them when they were sent away from London during the war because of air-raids. They were sent to the house of an old Professor who lived in the heart of the country, ten miles from the nearest post office. He had no wife and he lived in a very large house with a housekeeper called Mrs. Macready and three servants† (Lewis 1). When the actual adv enture begins, one of the four children entered the wardrobe’s doors while playing hide and seek with her sibl... ...oit: Gale, 2005. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012 Patterson, Nancy-Lou. "Always Winter and Never Christmas: Symbols of Time in Lewis' Chronicles of Narnia." Mythlore 18.1 (Autumn 1991): 10-14. Rpt. in Children's Literature Review. Ed. Tom Burns. Vol. 109. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. Pietrusz, Jim. "Rites of Passage: The Chronicles of Narnia and the Seven Sacraments." Mythlore 14.4 (Summer 1988): 61-63. Rpt. in Children's Literature Review. Ed. Tom Burns. Vol. 109. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. Walsh, Chad. "The Parallel World of Narnia." The Literary Legacy of C. S. Lewis. New York, N.Y.: Harcourt Brace Jonavich, 1979. 123-157. Rpt. in Children's Literature Review. Ed. Tom Burns. Vol. 109. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.

Life History of Voc Essay

I am going to speak about the great Indian freedom fighter ‘Kappalottiya Tamilian’ V. O. Chidambaram Pillai. He popularly known by his initials V.O.C was one of the most prominent lawyers in 19th century British India. Chidambaram Pillai’s rebellious attitude and his courage to act against the British government, the English stripped the title of barrister associated with his name. It was his brave nature that won V.O.C the name ‘Kappalottiya Tamilian’ in Tamil Nadu, which translates to ‘The Tamil Helmsman’ in English. V.O.Chidambaram Pillai was born on 5 September 1872 in Ottapidaram, Tuticorin district of Tamil NaduState of India, the eldest son of lawyer Olaganathan Pillai and Paramayee Ammal. V. O. Chidambaram Pillai enrolled in schools in his native Ottapidaram and nearby Tirunelveli. V.O.C started working in the Ottapidaram district administrative office after the end of his school education. It was only a few years later that he enrolled in law school and completed law studies to become a lawyer like his father Olaganathan Pillai. V. O. Chidambaram Pillai entered into active politics in the year 1905 by becoming a member of the Indian National Congress. The Swadeshi movement in India was already at its hilt during this time and leaders like Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Gangadhar Tilak were trying their best to put an end to British Imperial coercion of trade. After joining the Indian National Congress, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai wholeheartedly immersed himself into Swadeshi work to secure independence for India. Part of his Swadeshi work was to put an end to the monopoly of British shipping in the coasts of Ceylon. Inspired by freedom fighter Ramakrishnananda, he set up the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company on November 12, 1906. V.O.C’s ships started regular services between Tuticorin and Colombo. His shipping company was not only a commercial venture, it was also the first comprehensive shipping service set up by an Indian in British India. V O Chidambaram Pillai was the author of a couple of novels; he translated several James Allen works in Tamil and made compilations of important Tamil works like the Thirukural and the Tolkappiam. V O Chidambaram Pillai spent such an impoverished lifestyle after he was released from prison that Justice Wallace who sentenced V O C to prison restored his bar license. But V O C was never successful in repaying his debts and lived in poverty till the end of his life on November 18, 1936. V O Chidambaram Pillai breathed his last at the Indian National Congress office in Tuticorin. Vallinayagam Olaganathan Chidambaram Pillai is remembered as one of the most important figures in India’s struggle for independence. He is much loved and celebrated in the Tamil Nadu society till today.

Barriers For Nurse Practitioner Practice That Impact...

Debra Hain and Laureen M. Fleck. †Barriers to Nurse Practitioner Practice that Impact Healthcare Redesign OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 19, No. 2, Manuscript 2. Web. 6 Apr. 2016. â€Å"Barriers to Nurse Practitioner Practice that Impact Healthcare Redesign† is the article written by two physicians, Debra Hain and Laureen M. Fleck. The two physicians explain the barriers and setbacks that the scope of practice prevents APNs from practicing from. This article also gives suggestions of what steps they think should be taken in order to completely make the scope of practice fair for everyone who has been trained to practice specific skills. This will be extremely beneficial to my proposal because Hain and Fleck describe the same steps to completely even the scope of practice that I am proposing. I will be using this article mainly in my first and second body paragraph so the readers know quickly what I am proposing and that there is support from physician s on my side as well. This will hook the readers quickly and they will instantly want to know more about how the scope of practice should be made completely even. The article also gives examples about how the future of APNs education will look after the scope is made completely equal. While talking about the future of education, the article mentions The Robert Wood Foundation. This foundation was previously talked about in my call-to-action essay, when I first discussed the scope of practice in nursing. WithShow MoreRelatedImplementation Methods of Health Promotion Essay1104 Words   |  5 PagesNursing as a profession is the largest component of the healthcare workforce in America. 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Corruption in Hamlet by William Shakespeare - 1279 Words

In general terms, corruption is the act of corrupting or of impairing integrity, virtue, or moral principle. In politics, corruption is the misuse of public power and image.Whether it is realized or not, no country is wholly free of the disease of corruption, and if it is allowed to develop and become significantly strong, it can obstruct the good processes of governing and deteriorate the fabric of society. It can become a barrier to continual development and make it so that essentially no room remains for justice to succeed. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the destructive force of corruption is clearly exemplified through the abundance of imagery concerning decay, death, disease, sickness, and infection as the play progresses. The first and†¦show more content†¦When the fallen King Hamlet returns as the Ghost to warn Hamlet about the corruption in Elsinore,Hamlet learns the cause of his father’s death: he was murdered at the hand of Claudius by way of poison. The Gh ost insists that Hamlet evens the score of his death by killing Claudius and therefore wiping out the foul disease that has taken hold. Contrary to the current state of affairs, under King Hamlet the kingdom of Denmark had been honored and respected and recognized as strong and good.During this time, Denmark could have been compared to a garden that has been looked after and cared for, unlike the â€Å"unweeded garden† it became under the sinful rule of Claudius (1.2.139). Marcellus’ comment refers to this and that Claudius is the impetus for the rot of the country. Claudius’ murderous plan, which gave him his new founded power, has begun the infection of the people around him. The Ghost tells Hamlet to â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (1.5.31). The image of Claudius’ foul sin of murder is exhibited by the suggestions of physical contagion in the night air. Adjectives such as nasty, rank, blasted, and infected have â€Å"powerful connotations of physical evil† and all point to the situation that has befallen the castle (Altick 171). Shakespeare represents Hamlet as a dignified prince who is attempting to combat the evil and corruption of his world. After the visit from the Ghost, he has come to know and understand what he must do: restore Elsinore to itsShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - The Moral Corruption Essay2770 Words   |  12 Pages William Shakespeare’s Hamlet has been widely regarded as one of the greatest tragedies ever written. One prominent theme exemplified in this particular play is the theme of rottenness or decay. Shakespeare uniquely uses disease, rotting, and decay in order to reveal the manifestation and consequence of moral corruption. Physical corruption mirrors the moral corruption within the characters in the play. 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Some of his most famous works include but are not limited to Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, and Hamlet. For one of his famous works, Hamlet, Shakespeare uses plot to strengthen the point of corruption in the play. Another element used to further help the theme of the play is character. The final literary elementRead MoreCorruption: The Good, The Bad and The Decayed Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagesoften convey corruption within a story. The use of this particular imagery allows one to make a connection between the natural world and the nature of people. Throughout Hamlet, a play, set in Denmark, which was written in the early seventeenth cen tury by William Shakespeare, there are several instances where one sees decay depicting corruption. Though this play is filled with massive images of decaying nature, it is also filled with images of nature in its beautiful state. Because Hamlet portrays decayingRead MoreEssay on Hamlet Metaphor1089 Words   |  5 Pagesconcept in a literary work. 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Shakespeare wonderfully creates these metaphorsRead More Hamlet Virtue vs. Villainy Essay731 Words   |  3 PagesHamlet Virtue vs. Villainy   Ã‚   The legendary drama, Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare is a play illustrating the theme of virtue vs. villainy. The 17th century tragedy is plagued with treachery and deceit as it opens with the news of a foul murder in the kingdom of Denmark. Prince Hamlet, by word of his late fathers ghost, is informed that his uncle Claudius is to blame for his fathers sudden demise. Prince Hamlets mission is to uncover the secrets surrounding the murder and toRead MoreLanguage Techniques in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage Techniques in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Shakespeare used a variety of language techniques throughout Hamlet, which contribute to the themes in the play. They also help to add more meaning and understanding for the audience. Soliloquies, word play, symbols and other figurative language are some of these important techniques that enhance Hamlet. The way Shakespeare switches fromRead MoreLiterary Techniques Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1700 Words   |  7 Pages In the literary masterpiece Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the use of literary techniques contributes significantly to the development of the theme. The story of Hamlet belongs to a tradition of revenge tragedies that were familiar to the Elizabethan audiences. The theme of the play is: when one’s actions are tainted with corruption, their actions can result in others seeking revenge for the pleasures of gratification. The literary technique of parallelism contributes to the developmentRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, takes place in a time where the impossible was a part of the lives of everyday people. Occurrences that people in the modern time would believe unbelievable. Yet, with just a quill and parchment Shakespeare’s is able to connect the past and present by weaving a plot with skill that is still unparalleled to this day. The play Hamlet this exceeds this expectation by revealing depth of Hamlets, the protagonists, character personality through the use