Expanding Federal Government Funding of Stem Cell Research

Expanding Federal Government Funding of Stem Cell Research Stem cell research is no ordinary scientific experiment such as the Wright Brothers attempting to invent the first airplane or Jonas Salk attempting to develop the first polio vaccine. Stem cell research is a controversial topic because it promises so much but at the same time requires a steep price to pay for something that has yet to prove it is worth the trouble.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Expanding Federal Government Funding of Stem Cell Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because stem cell research promises to cure degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and scoliosis but the same time the cure requires the destruction of human embryonic stem cells that can only be had after a sperm fertilizes the egg and turn into an ovum, the first step in the development of a human baby. This is why this nation is divided regarding the proposal that the Federal Government should expand federal fund ing on stem cell research. There is a reason why the Bush administration decided to limit funding for this particular endeavor. First of all, stem cell research is an experiment that does not sit well with many people. On the other hand many find it difficult to understand why a potential solution to debilitating diseases should not be pursued. The line has been drawn in the sand and each side of the debate must present their case clearly so that the Federal Government must reconsider their stance of limiting funding and banning the harvesting more stem cells from human embryos. In Support of Expanding Federal Funding In the latter part of the 20th century scientists discovered a way to isolate and then cultivate stem cells that taken from human embryos. These were called totipotent cells and this means that these are undifferentiated cells and can be developed further to any type of cell needed by the body. As a result scientists believed that stem cells can be used as a way to rep lace cells lost by the body because of degenerative diseases. But more data was needed and therefore funding from the government. Due to the moral and ethical problem surrounding such types of research the Bush Administration created a compromise. Limited federal funding was authorized but with limitations – the funds that will be released by the Federal Government must only be applied to existing stem cells lines that were already under the authority of the government. Limited funds appropriated to stem cell research is not the only problem why there are those asking the lifting of the ban on stem cell research and increase funding for the same. They argue that in 2005 it was discovered that the few remaining lines of stem cells available and eligible in for research in accordance to government guidelines were contaminated with a molecule that came from mice.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was also pointed out that without the active support of government stem cell research will not succeed. There was the assertion that private funding follows the lead of the federal government. On the other hand it was also made clear that there are private institutions and other states that would continue with their pursuit. States like California took the initiative in raising funds to enhance stem cell research that was already started in their respective state regardless of federal funding. Supporters added that this is not the best way to go forward because without a central authority it is possible that results will be less efficient and non-standard; in other words research will be mediocre. In Opposition to Expanding Federal Funding On the opposite side of the fence the argument was much simpler. They only gave two: 1) stem cell research is tantamount to killing humans because the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell will result not only in a basic building block of life but considered to be a human being no matter how simple and how small it may seem; and 2) there is no hard evidence that can truly demonstrate that stem cell research can produce significant results such as cure someone with Alzheimer’s (Dahnke Dreher, 2006). This means that federal funds will be thrown into a blackhole that continues to absorb billions of dollars without results (McCartney, 2004). It is also difficult to assuage the fear of the public when it comes to potential abuses that will stem from these experiments. Analysis Those in opposition to lifting the ban and increase funding has nothing much to say because they have created an impossible scenario. Their major argument is that proponents of stem cell research has never produced a single result that would validate their claim that stem cells can be used as a form of therapy or medical solution to degenerative diseases. However, this cannot be proved or disproved without federal fun ding. Thus, there is a need to level the playing field; they must allow funding to determine the truth of the matter. On the other hand, the opposition should not be brushed off just that easily. They have a valid argument. If indeed the embryos are considered human then there must be something that has to be done to put limits on what scientists can and not do when it comes to experimenting with human beings. One way to resolve this problem is to lift the ban but give a strict deadline for stem cell research to produce results. After the deadline all funding will be cut-off. This will give supporters the chance to prove that they indeed have something that can prolong life and help millions of people suffering from debilitating sicknesses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Expanding Federal Government Funding of Stem Cell Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Those who are in opposition to lifting the ban must not create an impossible scenario wherein they prevent the other side from proving that what they have is a viable solution to a very difficult problem and that is the development of a cure for such heartbreaking and debilitating disease such as Alzheimer’s and scoliosis. But they must not be allowed to spend federal funds without accountability. They must follow strict protocols and they must have a deadline to produce results or else their funding will be cut-off forever. References Dahnke, M. Dreher, M. Defining Ethics and Applying the Theories. In Applied Ethics in Nursing. V.D. Lachman (Ed.). New York: Springer, 2006. McCartney, J. Recent Ethical Controversies About Stem Cell Research. In Stem Cell Research. James Humber (Ed.). New Jersey: Humana Press, Inc., 2004. Stojkovic, M. (2010). â€Å"Stem Cells: The International Journal of Cell Differentiation and Proliferation.† Retrieved from web

Baghdad as the capital of the Abbasid islamic world (8th- 11th Research Paper

Baghdad as the capital of the Abbasid islamic world (8th- 11th centries) - Research Paper Example Since the capital made trading possible due to numerous entry points to and from different parts of the Asian, European and African continents, the city flourished and prospered, thus, making it possible for the caliphate to establish centers of learning such as schools and libraries (Majeed 1486). This made the Abbasid Empire able to create numerous advancements such as in agriculture, architecture, literature and other knowledge pursuits, which they are able to disseminate to all the parts of the empire, and even the world via the European scientific revolution. Many of the breakthroughs that the Muslim scholars were able to make were highly significant because of the information being applicable to many aspects of science, literature and economics. The open-mindedness of the Muslim scholars during the Abbasid Empire made it possible for them to not only accept new information from other cultures such as Greeks and Romans, but also to create some improvements in them as well (Mazia k 1416). Also, the impact of the knowledge revolution instigated by the Abbasid caliphate is highly significant because if the Muslim Empire was not able to expand its territories, possible transfer of information from the Middle East to the European continent via Islamic Spain may not have been possible, and the scientific revolution around the 17th century would not have taken place. The Importance of Establishing Baghdad as the Capital While most of the buildings built during the Abbasid empire were destroyed during the invasion of the Mongols, many narratives remained that were able to establish how it was to live in Baghdad during its height of glory (Micheau 224). The splendor of the city as written down by many earlier historians was made well known not just for trade but also for learning and knowledge. The early caliphs proved that it was possible to make Baghdad a famous city once they were able to properly begin its construction. After the rise of the Abbasid dynasty arou nd 750 A.C.E., Muslim power shifted from Syria to Iraq, and the caliphs moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad. Al-Mansur, one of the earliest caliphs established Baghdad as the empire’s capital, and had it surrounded by a circular wall (Robinson 255). This made the Sasanian tradition alive and well, and was properly scattered in most of the nearby parts of the empire. It was also important that it was along the established trade routes, making the place generate additional revenue for buildings (Syed 2). Another is that Baghdad is near to large rivers such as the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers, which are essential in sustaining growth and development of the place (Micheau 222). Because of the proximity to major trade routes and large rivers, the establishment of human settlement in Baghdad was possible, and more people came in for work. To accommodate them, it was decided that the walled city must be finished as soon as possible, and in order to do so, numerous engineer s, architects and skilled craftsmen were hired from different regions. This did not just transform the city but also started its assimilation of knowledge from different cultures, since most of the workers were hired from vast places (Denoix 131). The urbanization was very successful that it was possible to establish many places where further pursuits of knowledge can be done, not just

Discussion Question 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discussion Question 3 - Essay Example It is also a good idea to have the questions checked by another person who is thoroughly knowledgeable with the subject of the questions. The day of the test is one of high tension and anxiety. The examinees wait for the time when the test papers will be handed over to them. The atmosphere is charged in silent anticipations. It is a solemn occasion, border on a war-like situation. In my opinion, each step is important as the other. But I would rate the safe keeping of the test paper as the most important step, because with property security the paper might get stolen leaving the entire exercise futile and meaningless. (Basic Steps in Test Construction) Ans. The basic purpose of a question is to elicit answer which meets the expected knowledge level of the student in a particular grade. Having obtained the information in the course of classroom studies and instructions from the pedagogue and also personal efforts comprising homework and revision, the student is expected to grasp and retain the level of knowledge to respond to a certain question. The context plays an important role when interpreting assessment results because it helps the assessor link the question with the correct information necessary for the answer. The context covers all the important aspects of the question such as what, why, where, how, when, and the source, as relevant to the question in particular as applicable to the whole class. Without the context, the question becomes generalized leaving the scope for answer also general and without relevance for the particular class or group. (British Columbia) Q3. Why is it important to pilot test items Ans. Pilot test is done to design the entire curriculum consisting of the information lessons in the text book, together with questions, and the vocabulary level suitable for the students' age group and intelligence. A pilot test is a long drawn-out affair involving time and evaluation by a competent teacher/researcher. The evaluation is carried out by the teacher/researcher after a period of his/her training. The training is rigorous and necessary to brief the teacher about the subject content. Once the training is complete, the teacher begins to conduct a model class with the help of the subject curriculum. The feedbacks received from the students' reactions as a result of the daily instructions by the teacher are noted down by the teacher and preserved for further analysis by another independent evaluator. Even after the evaluation is through, the pilot test is not complete until the principal gives his approval in writing. (CUES - Pilot

Developmental theories Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Developmental theories - Term Paper Example Researchers assert that developmental theories give answers that open important ways or depths into human behaviors in studying causes of different experiences that human beings face. Developmental theories emanate from different schools of thought. From studies, there are various schools of thought that resulted to the developmental theories. They include Humanism, Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Gestalt. Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory handles matters of human thinking. According to Piaget, the difference between children’s and adult’s thinking is qualitative other than being quantitative, as some people may have thought. In this theory we get to know that development occurs in distinct observable and more so measurable stages. The theory enlightens us that developmental growth is not affected by experience. According to Piaget, development is viewed to be unidirectional (Fletcher, 2005). Furthermore, according to Kohlberg, the theory of morality has several stages which include preconventional, conventional, and post conventional. He states that the degree of responsibility goes, with age where in middle childhood, children perceive themselves to be responsible for others around them. To this end it is seen that the theories do not cover all possible areas of human development and as a result, sub-divisions like those of Kohlberg will help clarify so many issues or answers (Sigelman, 2011). From many researchers, it is evident that the developmental theories are not original and base their roots deep down in different schools of thought. These schools include Gestalt, Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Humanism. Therefore, a few factors seem to have been put together to make up the theories in meeting the need to answer some of the questions or explain some experiences in human development (Fletcher, 2005). Research shows that the stages in developmental theories are accurate and

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis Essay -- Literature

In C.S. Lewis’s The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, Lewis emphasizes the three points of philosophy, themes, and symbolism throughout his writing. Lewis was a strong Christian man, and wanted to make children see and understand all the stories of the Bible. Therefore, he put Christian elements through his books, but with fantasy characters as well. Especially in this story, Lewis conveys the differences between good and evil. Aslan is represented as Christ just as the White Witch represents the sense of evil. Lewis wrote several books in this Narnia series, but The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe became the most famous and recognized of his novels. C.S. Lewis became one of the most prominent Christian writers in contemporary British society, not only because of his devotion to Christ, but also because his stories were so outstanding (Hitchens). Lewis wrote both fantasy and Christian books, which were both connected to each other in their own way. He used Christian elements to write fantasy stories, and vice versa (Langford). When he began to write The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, he placed the story with four children that had to move out of their own house during the air raids (Hannay). In chapter one, the book tells us: â€Å"This story is about something that happened to them when they were sent away from London during the war because of air-raids. They were sent to the house of an old Professor who lived in the heart of the country, ten miles from the nearest post office. He had no wife and he lived in a very large house with a housekeeper called Mrs. Macready and three servants† (Lewis 1). When the actual adv enture begins, one of the four children entered the wardrobe’s doors while playing hide and seek with her sibl... ...oit: Gale, 2005. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012 Patterson, Nancy-Lou. "Always Winter and Never Christmas: Symbols of Time in Lewis' Chronicles of Narnia." Mythlore 18.1 (Autumn 1991): 10-14. Rpt. in Children's Literature Review. Ed. Tom Burns. Vol. 109. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. Pietrusz, Jim. "Rites of Passage: The Chronicles of Narnia and the Seven Sacraments." Mythlore 14.4 (Summer 1988): 61-63. Rpt. in Children's Literature Review. Ed. Tom Burns. Vol. 109. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. Walsh, Chad. "The Parallel World of Narnia." The Literary Legacy of C. S. Lewis. New York, N.Y.: Harcourt Brace Jonavich, 1979. 123-157. Rpt. in Children's Literature Review. Ed. Tom Burns. Vol. 109. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.

Life History of Voc Essay

I am going to speak about the great Indian freedom fighter ‘Kappalottiya Tamilian’ V. O. Chidambaram Pillai. He popularly known by his initials V.O.C was one of the most prominent lawyers in 19th century British India. Chidambaram Pillai’s rebellious attitude and his courage to act against the British government, the English stripped the title of barrister associated with his name. It was his brave nature that won V.O.C the name ‘Kappalottiya Tamilian’ in Tamil Nadu, which translates to ‘The Tamil Helmsman’ in English. V.O.Chidambaram Pillai was born on 5 September 1872 in Ottapidaram, Tuticorin district of Tamil NaduState of India, the eldest son of lawyer Olaganathan Pillai and Paramayee Ammal. V. O. Chidambaram Pillai enrolled in schools in his native Ottapidaram and nearby Tirunelveli. V.O.C started working in the Ottapidaram district administrative office after the end of his school education. It was only a few years later that he enrolled in law school and completed law studies to become a lawyer like his father Olaganathan Pillai. V. O. Chidambaram Pillai entered into active politics in the year 1905 by becoming a member of the Indian National Congress. The Swadeshi movement in India was already at its hilt during this time and leaders like Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Gangadhar Tilak were trying their best to put an end to British Imperial coercion of trade. After joining the Indian National Congress, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai wholeheartedly immersed himself into Swadeshi work to secure independence for India. Part of his Swadeshi work was to put an end to the monopoly of British shipping in the coasts of Ceylon. Inspired by freedom fighter Ramakrishnananda, he set up the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company on November 12, 1906. V.O.C’s ships started regular services between Tuticorin and Colombo. His shipping company was not only a commercial venture, it was also the first comprehensive shipping service set up by an Indian in British India. V O Chidambaram Pillai was the author of a couple of novels; he translated several James Allen works in Tamil and made compilations of important Tamil works like the Thirukural and the Tolkappiam. V O Chidambaram Pillai spent such an impoverished lifestyle after he was released from prison that Justice Wallace who sentenced V O C to prison restored his bar license. But V O C was never successful in repaying his debts and lived in poverty till the end of his life on November 18, 1936. V O Chidambaram Pillai breathed his last at the Indian National Congress office in Tuticorin. Vallinayagam Olaganathan Chidambaram Pillai is remembered as one of the most important figures in India’s struggle for independence. He is much loved and celebrated in the Tamil Nadu society till today.

Barriers For Nurse Practitioner Practice That Impact...

Debra Hain and Laureen M. Fleck. †Barriers to Nurse Practitioner Practice that Impact Healthcare Redesign OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 19, No. 2, Manuscript 2. Web. 6 Apr. 2016. â€Å"Barriers to Nurse Practitioner Practice that Impact Healthcare Redesign† is the article written by two physicians, Debra Hain and Laureen M. Fleck. The two physicians explain the barriers and setbacks that the scope of practice prevents APNs from practicing from. This article also gives suggestions of what steps they think should be taken in order to completely make the scope of practice fair for everyone who has been trained to practice specific skills. This will be extremely beneficial to my proposal because Hain and Fleck describe the same steps to completely even the scope of practice that I am proposing. I will be using this article mainly in my first and second body paragraph so the readers know quickly what I am proposing and that there is support from physician s on my side as well. This will hook the readers quickly and they will instantly want to know more about how the scope of practice should be made completely even. The article also gives examples about how the future of APNs education will look after the scope is made completely equal. While talking about the future of education, the article mentions The Robert Wood Foundation. This foundation was previously talked about in my call-to-action essay, when I first discussed the scope of practice in nursing. WithShow MoreRelatedImplementation Methods of Health Promotion Essay1104 Words   |  5 PagesNursing as a profession is the largest component of the healthcare workforce in America. 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